Legal Forms of Business Paper

Authoritative documents of Business Paper Law/531 June third, 2011 University of Phoenix Legal Forms of Business Paper Selecting the best type of working a business relies upon the kind of business the proprietor needs to run. The proprietors need to pick the structure that best addresses their issues. â€Å"The determination relies upon numerous components, including the simplicity and cost of arrangement, the capital prerequisites of the business, the adaptability of the board choices, government limitations, individual obligation, charge contemplations, and the like† (Henry Cheeseman, 210, p. 529) Besides, picking the correct structure to maintain a business will likewise decide how the business is sorted out, how the income is, and how the business is burdened. â€Å"The most basic types of business association are: sole ownership, general organization, restricted organization, constrained risk associations, constrained obligation organization, and corporation† (Henry Cheeseman, 210, p. 529). As per the circumstance given, the best structure is restricted organization. Constrained organization alludes to the kinds of proprietors the business will have, head supervisors and restricted accomplices (financial specialists). In this sense, Monica, and Susan will be the directors of the organizations since the two of them will work the business with their abilities, Susan with her PC designs aptitudes and Monica with her advertising abilities. While Vic will be the speculator giving some cash-flow to maintain the business, she won't be a piece of the board; Vic will go about as a uninvolved financial specialist. In constrained association, chiefs have boundless risk and the financial specialists have obligation to up the measure of their capital commitments. General accomplices will control regular exercises in the business. Monica and Susan will be capable of the business obligations too. In spite of, restricted association is more intricate than general organization; this is the best structure to meet Vic’s, Monica’s and Susan’s needs. Vic will have restricted individual risk for business obligations as long as she will avoid the board. Monica and Susan will have the chance of fund-raising without including outside financial specialists once they can join enough cash to show the business to themselves. Sole ownership was blocked on the grounds that the business will be controlled by Monica and Susan in light of the fact that they have the essential abilities to be fruitful business people. In this situation, Vic will give capital and will play an inactive job in dealing with the business, she ledge get benefits due to her contribution in the business. For not confronting a few issues among them, they should arrive at an understanding commonly written to state how offers will be taken care of; this is regular called a restricted association understanding. â€Å"This understanding presents the rights and obligations of the general and restricted accomplices; the terms and conditions in regards to the activities, end, and disintegration of the organization; thus on† (Henry Cheeseman, 210, p. 547). The constrained organization understanding will present the exchanges that supervisors and financial specialists can affirm. This archive additionally expresses the how income and misfortunes will be disseminated among the accomplices. Restricted accomplices have likewise the privilege of being educated by senior supervisors about the business execution and the business money related status. On the off chance that Susan or Monica needs to concede another accomplice, the new contender to work the business can be incorporated if Vic favors this, except if the understanding archive states in any case. Restricted association is anything but difficult to set up, and to offer financial specialists as constrained accomplices. This understanding is acceptable to set courses of action for general accomplices to utilize their aptitudes, and to dynamic with respect to the business. Constrained accomplices can drop the business without the requirement for the restricted accomplice to be broken down. The business type of partnership was not chosen in view of the way toward shaping an enterprise requires some investment and cash, contrasted and the rest business structures. Enterprises are frequently reviewed by the administration and need to manage more desk work to agree to the guidelines of the states in which the business will run. Likewise, in companies profits paid o investors are not deductible from the business pay; it might turn out burdening this pay twice. Organization is a business structure more costly to make than sole ownership or association. There is more administrative work in enterprise than different types of business. Organization conveys a few expense impediments, and pays burdens on its ow n pay. While restricted obligation organization was not picked as a result of the detriments it offers for this sort of business that Vic, Susan, and Monica need to run. Constrained obligation association is more costly to make and to keep up than sole ownership and organization. In this type of business in the event that one accomplice leaves, the business is broken down. Restricted association is a decent technique for Vic, Susan, and Monica to utilize the constrained organization as a type of business as a result of the focal points it presents for their great. Through this business structure, they can impart the benefits to at least exertion. This structure is additionally simple to draw in financial specialists. Monica and Susan can raise extra capital in view of the obligation of constrained accomplices. There is additionally less desk work, and it is simpler to oversee than partnership. Choosing the best type of business is a key choice that business visionaries face. This is a significant choice due to the suggestions it brings to the business, in regards to its continuous lawful and assessment outcomes. The best type of business will rely upon the business objectives and numerous different variables with huge effect on the business execution. Picking the authoritative document is pivotal to decide the association and execution of any sort of business. Business people must quantify the advantages and disadvantages before attempted any organizations. Word tally: 901 Reference Cheeseman, H. (2010). Business Law (seventh ed. ). Colorado, DE: Prentice Hall.

Che Guevara Timeline :: essays research papers

SHORT CHRONICLE OF A REVOLUTIONARY 1928 June 14, Ernesto Guevara was conceived in the city of Rosario, Argentina. 1932 Guevara's family moved to Alta Gracia, area of Cordoba, Argentina 1948 Ernesto Guevara went around the Argentinian areas. 1951 December; he left for Chile and Peru with his companion Granado. Guevara lived for a brief timeframe in the outsider province of Huambo. At that point he proceeded with his excursion to Bogata and later to Caracas. 1953 Back in Buenos Aires, he completed his examinations in prescriptions. From that point forward, he left for Bolivia with another companion, Ferrer. They intended to go to Venezuela, going through Peru and remaining for some time in Guayaquil, Ecuador. They met others Argentinians and chose to go to Central America. They went through Panama, Costa Rica and Guatemala. There, Guevara met Hilda Gadea, whom he would wed with later, in Mexico. Guevara connected with Peruvian outcasts. 1954 June; attack of Guatemala against Arbenz's goverment. Guevara needed to run away to Mexico, where he met Cuban outcasts. 1955 July; he met Fidel Castro who enlightened him regarding his arrangements to attack Cuba. He joined the gathering and begun his military preparing. 1956 December 2; landed on Cuba's south coast. December 18, the 12 survivors began the first guerrilla in the Sierra Maestra. 1957 June; Che was named officer. Before the year's over, the war in Cuba entered the unequivocal stage. Guevara was mentioned to make the diary Cuba Libre in the mountain go. 1958 December 29; Che's segment took on its last conflict and overwhelmed Santa Clara. December 31, president Fulgencio Batista got away to Santo Domingo. 1959 January 2; triumphal passage of Che and Camilo Cienfuegos in La Habana. February; Che is announced Cuban conceived. On June 2, he wedded Aleida March. From june till august, Che voyaged through Africa, Asia and Yugoslavia. On October 7, Fidel Castro named him leader of the Industry Office in the Agrarian Reform's National Institute. On November 26, he is named president of the National Bank. 1960 Che completed his book "Guerra de guerrillas"("Guerrilla warefare"), distributed under the responsibilty of the Rebel Department's Instruction Deparment. Its first version is controlled all over Latin America. On July 26, during the First Latin America Youth Congress, Che characterized the Cuban unrest as a marxist one. In October, he composed "Nota para el estudio de la revolucion cubana" ("Notes for the investigations about Cuba's revolution"), in which he audited the insurgency's stages. From October 21 to Febrary 1961, he headed out to the communist nations (specifically, to China, Czechoslovakia and the USSR) as a major aspect of a business appointment. 1961 On February 23, he was named Minister for Industry and he quit the National Bank's administration.

4 Top Tips on How to Start a Business on a Budget

As a freelance writer you are introduced to all kinds of new subjects, new businesses and new techniques. If you’re prepared to tackle any job that comes your way, as the best freelancers are, then you’ll pickup all kinds of new skills, from SEO and offline marketing to retail, lead generation and more. If you want to earn a little more money on the side and create a business that provides a little more stability than your freelancing career, you can use these skills to start your own business. Countless freelancers do it and many of them succeed—they already have some of the knowledge and the contacts needed after all. But if you’re planning to start a business yourself make sure you keep these tips in mind to avoid failure and increase your chances of turning a profit. 1. Play to Your Strengths A business idea should be based on your strengths, not on market trends. Don’t begin by looking at the industries that are on the rise and then finding a way to muscle your way in. Begin by looking at your skill-set and your strengths, jot down some ideas for business that can exploit these, and then choose the one you think is most likely to succeed. Understanding the industry you’re in is crucial as it can help with everything from networking to client/customer relations, and being able to do a lot of the work yourself will save you the cost of hiring someone. As an example, let’s suppose you’re a copy/content writer with knowledge of SEO and a passion for extreme sports. You could setup a business offering supplies/training for a specific sport that’s doing very well at the moment, and in your down-time you can piece together a business plan, a content marketing plan, some basic copy, and a bunch of press releases. You could also launch a content website with guides, news, reviews, etc., all of which you can provide yourself. By utilizing some of your free time and your expertise, you’ve just saved yourself thousands of dollars. 2. Think Ahead and Think Smart The only issue with setting-up a business in a sector you are passionate about is that it’s easy to let your passion get in the way of common sense. If you try to shoe-horn your way into a particular business just because you find it exciting, you could end up sinking your time and money into something that few people care about and something that has no future. You want a business that you understand and that you can help to build from the ground up, but you also want something that has a large base of potential customers and something that has a strong future ahead of it. 3. Use a Shared Office Space You could spend in excess of $60,000 a year renting office space in major cities throughout the United States, and that’s before you consider the furnishings (desks, chairs) and the equipment (computers, printers). It’s a huge expensive that could cripple your business before it gets off the ground. It’s also a big responsibility, because the more you spend on basics like a working environment the more you need to earn to generate a profit and the harder those periods of reduced custom will hurt you. The best alternative is something known as a shared office space. You and your employees get all the amenities and services youd find in a traditional office, only instead of paying tens of thousands a year and committing to a long-term contract, you spend a couple hundred a month and use it when you need it. The only drawback is that you need to share the office with someone else, but many of the better providers, as seen on this shared office space San Diego page, can supply you with your own private rooms. 4. Get Help If you have any friends that are just as ambitious as you and also have time or money to put into the business, then ask them if they want to become shareholders. Offer them a sensible share based on how much work and money they will be putting in, and make sure they fully understand that you need them to be committed. There are two common mistakes people make when getting friends onboard. The first is to ask anyone and everyone. They let excitement get the better of them and start inviting everyone in. Before they know it every Tom, Dick and Harry has a share and most of them are not prepared to work for it. On the other extreme there are those who overvalue their own stake, offering friends a measly stake even though they will be doing the same amount of work. They come up with a vague business idea, assume that idea alone makes them a more important partner, and then start acting like they are in control. Be sensible, be smart, and be fair. It’s a business, not an excuse for friends to get together.

Marco Rubio s Presidential Election - 905 Words

2016 presidential election has many interesting and well informed candidates to date, the candidates which I find to be the most informed and best suited to lead the free world is Marco Rubio. Marco Rubio’s platform is based on youth, diversity and a new way of thinking about this generation. In this essay Marco Rubio’s background, quotes and plans as president will be stated to better understand why he is the best candidate for the presidential election. Marco Rubio was born in Miami, Florida in 1971. He earned a bachelor s degree from the University of Florida in 1993, then he went to the University of Miami for his law degree. At the start of his political career Marco Rubio began his life in public service in 1998 by winning a seat on the Miami City Commission. Shortly after winning the seat in city commissions, he made his way into state politics. Rubio won his bid for the Florida House of Representatives in 1999. He established himself as the best political fit wi th the legislature, then becoming the majority leader and then speaker of the House three years after becoming majority leader. The first reason why Marco Rubio is a great candidate for president, is his stand on immigration. He wants people to come to the United States to have a better life, but he wants them to do it legally and fair. â€Å"We have a legal immigration system that s outdated and needs to be modernized so we can win the global competition for talent. We have millions of people living in thisShow MoreRelatedMarco Rubio s The President Of The United States1345 Words   |  6 Pagesformer glory. Marco Rubio is that leader. What Rubio lacks in age and experience he makes up for with hard work and determination to win. Marco Rubio s plans to return this country to glory are rooted with conservative belief and backed by the republican party. There are many other candidates fighting to be the next person to turn this country around. Marco Rubio will put his plans into ac tion and make The United States better for all. Marco Rubio is a great candidate for president. Marco Rubio’s viewpointsRead MoreThe Presidential Election Of Florida Essay2340 Words   |  10 PagesThe media rushes to Florida during congressional and presidential elections due to its reputation as a conflicted state. Here we find the southern regions to be rather liberal and voting democratically, and on the other hand, we see the northern regions voting mostly conservatively. This creates controversy in the United States because Florida is a major determining factor of what kind of outcome we are going to get for a presidential election. This can be especially stressful for those running forRead MoreThe American Dream- By Marco Rubio1303 Words   |  6 PagesThe â€Å"American Dream-† that is what Marco Rubio wants everyone to accomplish during his years of presidency. Marco Antonio Rubio was born May 28th, 1971, in Miami, Florida. His parents moved to the United States from Cuba during the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista. Rubio’s parents worked many jobs to give their children a good life in America and that is why many of the things that Rubio has proposed involve being able to achieve the â€Å"American Dream. (â€Å"Marco Rubio†). After graduating from the UniversityRead MoreThe American Dream- By Marco Rubio1327 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"American Dream-†   that is what Marco Rubio would like everyone to accomplish during his years of presidency. Marco Antonio Rubio was born May 28th, 1971, in Miami, Florida. His parents moved to the United States from Cuba during the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista. Rubio’s parents worked many jobs to give their children a good life in America and that is why many of the things that Rubio has proposed involve being able to achieve the â€Å"American Dream† (â€Å"Marco Rubio†). After graduating from the UniversityRead MoreGlobal Economy And The American Dream1286 Words   |  6 Pagescitizens’ best interest and not for personal gains or being lobbied by corporations. Only seven years ago there was a limit on how much an individual or corporation could fund a certain political campaign. However the Citizens United vs. the Federal Election Commission (FEC) Supreme Court ruling in 2010 changed the political campaign atmosphere. According to the congressional digest â€Å" The Supreme Court’s 2010 Citizens United v. FEC decision gave corporations and unions the freedom to spend as much asRead MoreImportant Tool Used For The Political Field1333 Words   |  6 Pagesa document is when you analyze a document for fallacies, claims, analogies, etc. It’s mostly used to analyze political claims, looking for types of claims and fallacies. By using close consideration a reader becomes more enlightened to a politician s claim and his or her fallac ies, this is very important in the political field because it determines whether or not a candidate receives your support. By using the strategy of close consideration, a reader could analyze any form of documentation to becomeRead MoreCnn s Presidential Election Coverage938 Words   |  4 PagesFor this project, I chose to watch the CNN Presidential Primary election coverage. I watched the coverage on Super Tuesday, and also on Super Saturday. I wanted to see how they portrayed each candidate, and also who was represented in regards to the news anchors. Men were clearly represented more than women on both days, and white males were the most represented overall. While there were female news anchors dissecting the information, the main news anchors were males such as Wolf Blitzer. I foundRead MoreThe Common Fallacies Of Reasoning1162 Words   |  5 Pagesopinion with implication rather than fact. Several examples of these logical fallacies can be seen during the 2016 Presidential Election, leading up to the â€Å"Brexit† vote, and even in widely-viewed television news and talk shows, to which a surprising number of viewers and bystanders don’t seem to notice. To start, and as most voting-age Americans can vouch, the 2016 presidential election had some relatively unfavorable nominees. The Republican candidate, Donald Trump, was self-important and sharp-tonguedRead MoreThe Cultural Disconnect Between Latino Self Identification And White American Misconceptions Of Hispanic Ethnicity1605 Words   |  7 Pagesthe 1500s. Soon most of the powerful nations in Europe followed. Despite their positive impact on the American culture, Latinos have been degraded for many years by the media, stereotypes and people with power like the chiefs of police and even presidential candidates. While the media portrays Latinos as maids and gangsters, the majority of Latinos migrate to the USA looking for a better future for their families and for themselves. In this essay, I will investigate the complex role that Latinos haveRead MoreMedia Is A Political Issue That Has Greatly Affected Politics As Well As The System Of Electing A President1725 Words   |  7 P agesthe opposite way in an attempt to diminish and harm the opposite candidate s campaign in an attempt to win a specific election. This can even be done with the use of false information which happens often in during political elections for the use of a candidate’s campaign. The second primary reason the media has a major effect on politics is the type of information that can be broadcasted. For instance, the presidential campaign is currently using negative information about the opposing candidates

How the Digital World May Influence Teaching - 1157 Words

â€Å"Currently we live in an era driven by information, global competition and new technologies that are changing the way we think, live and work.† (Pillay, Boulton-Lewis Wilss 2004, p.17). This conveys the notion that technology has manipulated the minds of today’s generation in every way possible, could be during schooling and non-schooling life. Hence in order for one’s teaching style to go successful one should teach in accordance to the characteristics of the generation they’re teaching as today’s generation requires a digital pedagogy. Furthermore this essay scrutinizes how the characteristics of the 21st century and the digital world will influence the type of teacher one hopes to become. As well as it examines on the construction of skill development towards students from the trending of digital fluency. Technology today is the fundamental enhancement of teaching and education towards students including collaborative learning. Many educators would approve that a vigorous display of student triumph is the students’ ability to advance both skills and an interest in durable education. A teacher’s style of teaching regarding educational experience and environment could have a vast effect on their student’s education. However technology has emerged as the foundation regarding stronger education, therefore numerous students going to college or university have already possessed progressive skills concerning electronic learning as they’ve practiced and learnt from a fledglingShow MoreRelatedTechnology Is An Integral Part Of Education845 Words   |  4 Pagesway has to change. We as educators must adapt and make adjustments in a world that is constantly changing. I believe that technology is an integral part of society and it is here to stay; therefore, it shoul d be an integral part of education. 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Knowledge is  continuing  a process commencing at birth.  Ã‚  Belisle (2006)  states Knowledge is much more than the transmittedRead MoreThe Internet And Its Effect On Education1642 Words   |  7 PagesThe internet is a global communication network that connects most computers and digital devices together to exchange information. Internet access has changed the process of learning in many ways. Some may ask if the access to the internet diminishes the quality of education in what high school students receive? While some studies have shown that the increase of internet usage has led to shortened attention span in today’s youth. The excess use of the internet can create more opportunities for studentsRead MoreSocial Media And The Classroom1018 Words   |  5 Pageshas become ubiquitous that it has significantly changed the way people communicate. It has helped connect people with each other instantly, anytime and anywhere in the world. It also has changed the way news and other literatures are created, shared, and consumed. Some colleges and even employers look at a candidate’s digital presence. There is no part of life that social media does not touch. Social media is everywhere and it has been a popular topic of discussion, especially in the field ofRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On The Classroom1601 Words   |  7 Pagesmany aspects of daily living. Presently, the world consists of quickly advancing technology and people competing all around the world to be considered the best. Many educators argue that the only way to continue to have control within the classroom and to have students be successful within the classroom is to properly integrate technology into the classroom. Currently, the problem in the education system is that technology is often difficult to learn how to utilize and to properly implement. UsingRead More21st Century Classrooms - Annotated Bibliography Essay1075 Words   |  5 Pagestechnology increases student achievement and engagement. 1. Caruso, C. (2008). Bringing Online Learning to Life. Educational Leadership, 65(8) 70. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. a. This article discusses the use of the Internet in the classroom and how it can be used to personalize education. The effectiveness of the Internet in the classroom is evaluated at the Henry Hudson Regional School in Highlands, New Jersey. A faculty member at the school explains that the Internet was introduced to theirRead MoreBenefits Of Technology Essay1091 Words   |  5 Pagesseems to be a dispute within this new age technology world we live in today. Certainly, there are ways we can use the internet to help us obtain information, and having the knowledge at our fingertips does have positive advantages in making our lives easier. 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Nowadays, the influence of modern technology is

Leadership Ethical and Moral Virtues

Question: Discuss about theLeadershipfor Ethical and Moral Virtues. Answer: Introduction: Building an effective leadership model based on core principles of management requires good knowledge about the market culture and also the different loopholes that remain present in team performance. A team performance can only be made better if a particular leadership model contains effective principles and skill to involve such principles in the model. Core values of leadership along with important leadership traits should be harbored by the individual to overcome barriers and face any challenges (Hoch and Kozlowski 2014). Multiculturism can be defined as the effective strategic maintenance which is prioritized by a leader in order to maintain a diverse workforce rather than simply recognizing their existing. Diversity management is significant to meet the unique needs of workers who are the main delivery persons for the organization (Lucke and Kostova 2014). Ethical and moral virtues are mainly maintained by the leaders that emphasizes virtues of mind and character. This help a leader to guide himself effectively so that he faces no dilemma in his decisions and always walks in the found of truth, honesty and integrity developing the confidence for best delivery (Demirtas 2015). The essay will mainly help to portray how an effective leadership model enhances the performance of a diverse team having members from different cultural backgrounds. It will also provide the ways about how teams with such backgrounds can be managed with effective traits and values of leadership. The essay will mainly focus on the basic three principles of multiculturism, ethical and moral virtues and effective teamwork development. It will discuss the core values that my leadership model will portray. Besides, it will show the traits that an effective leader should possess in his model to make it effective. It will also show how my leadership model will help to overcome barriers and establish a team successfully. Body: An effective leadership model should be built on the main organizing ideas of credibility, correct vision, proper traits and building effective relationships. Having the clear vision of the main goals and objectives in mind will help me to pass all obstacle, failures, critics and people who will try to resist me and reach the perfect example of success which will benefit my organization. Teamwork can be achieved by sharing my vision with my team members and creating a relationship of loyalty and trust along with teaching them the best practices to achieve the goal. Integrity, experience, and credibility play efficient roles in attracting the teamwork where my confidence and a sense of moral and ethical considerations would help my team members to rely on me. Integrity in leadership is also found to be very much important in developing just leadership models. If one assesses the trait theory or leadership, one can easily understand how the different traits help to develop leaders that can manage a diverse multicultural workforce with dedication for achievement, self- confidence and intelligence. Some of the important traits, skills and task that an effective leader should incorporate in his model to display decision which is helpful for team members are honesty, openness, empathy and Conscientiousness. The important components of relationship building will also be organizational approaches in my model to maintain conflict-free multicultural team members. The traits should be in such a way that it would help me in building a team who will not only be dedicating towards the organization but also to the fellow colleagues. This is only possible when there would be a trust between the leader and his team. An effective leadership is built on trust and honesty that makes a strong dynamic team to achieve its target goal. Therefore for maintaining a good team with workers from culturally diverse environments, traits that I would like to incorporate in my model would be honesty and openness to share their ideas and views that would help in building a trustworthy relationship with the members who would be ethically and morally free from any benefits and selfishness. The core values that my leadership model will portray includes respecting others regardless of different types of differences and practicing integrity demonstrated by ethical strength, moral courage, trustworthiness, keeping promises and fulfilling expectations. Authenticity by maintaining consistency, congruency, and transparency in values, beliefs, and actions for contributing to growth is another core value. Other core values include courage, service, humility and wisdom. All these values would help my model to succeed in achieving its goal. Core values are considered to be the most important factors that help in flourishing the organization even in turbulent times (Ruediger Kaufmann et al. 2012) My leadership model will help to maintain a good relationship between leader and his team member. Maintaining a good relationship between the staff is a very crucial work that needs to be maintained by a leader to bring out the best effects from his team members and fulfill the objectives assigned to him. The main components of effective relationship management of a leader with the team members are the interpersonal communication skills. It mainly governs the ability to get the best out of others, to inspire and influence them to give their best performance, the ability to communicate and build bonds with the members. The relationship development would also depend on the leader's ability to help the team members to change, grow, develop and resolve a conflict among them based on ego clashes, cultural differences or others. Being ethically and morally correct are also the virtues which will help them to develop a trustworthy relationship. The organization that receives able leaders who are capable of leading their assigned teams effectively shows higher productivity and reputation. The teams maintain harmony among themselves while performing their tasks and therefore the assignments are completed successfully and much rapidly in comparison to teams which do not maintain unity in their approaches. As the employees remain satisfied due to the able leadership of their leaders, they tend to perform better and become ready to face any challenges and competition. Therefore the organizations objective gets easily accomplished and they can complete their mission and fulfill their vision of a flourishing future. Organisational effectiveness is brought out by the dominant coalition of prominent leadership (Colbert, Barrick and Bradley 2014). My model of leadership should strictly encourage a multicultural environment that would be free from any opinion between the team members. It must always be remembered that each and every team members have their traditions that involve their family, religion, education and nationalism which forms the basis of their existence. Individuals of different nations are always sensitive to their culture and cannot tolerate disrespect towards it. Often their inherited traditions also prevent them to accept other nation's culture that often gives rise to disappointments and depression. Therefore the leaders and managers have to be extremely careful so that cultural differences do not creep in and a strong sense of multiculturism, feelings of companionship and dedication towards each other always reside among the team members (Murayama et al. 2014). I would work aggressively to overcome the language barrier even if not learning the language fluently but good enough so that the members may feel connected to the organization. Making efforts to learn about the culture of the different members will in turn help in building strong relationships among the members. Creating a well-planned employment policy that would help to cover and deal with each and every issue that the employees may face. It should also be able to communicate the leaders within the employees such that all the employees understand the companys expectations for conducting the job appropriately. My leadership models would help to ensure that an environment may exist in the workplace where multiculturism is happily appreciated and effectively handled by each and every team members. Once this criterion is fulfilled automatically a strong sense of team member unity and companionship among the fellow members would take place that will rule out any cultural differences and disappointments among each other and achieve a goal with a collaborative approach. Maintaining these ideals with a sense of ethical and moral consideration in each and every initiative would not only help in achieving the organizations visions but also increase productivity and profit level. This leadership model is different from the other models because those models fail to inculcate different aspects of leadership in an effective planning together. The models remain based on either one of the important principles of multiculturism, or teamwork or ethical considerations. However, my model is a perfect combination of all the important principles with correct ideals and therefore would bring out the best results. My leadership model is strictly based on the principles of effective multiculturism strategies, innovative initiatives to maintain a series of interesting and challenging assignments, maintain a strong sense of ethical and moral outlook in each and every step taken and creating a sense of unity in diversity among the team members. These features will help to achieve some objectives like retaining high performing staff members ensuring that great employees are assigned with meaningful roles and responsibilities (Licke, Kostova and Roth 2014). This will create a competitive environment where the employees will find interest to face the challenges which would be guided strictly by ethical and moral ideals of workmanship. My leadership model would also help in setting vision and goals by proper communication with the staffs. It would also ensure what plans should be placed to meet the goals. These goals should be ensured in such a way so that day to day work of the team can be achieved. I would apply my leadership model by assigning a specific work to my team members; I should align with staff members up front about what should be achieved. I should constantly monitor the course of work among then team members with check in, reviewing interim work and others. Debriefing work after its completion so that the workers can understand the level of outcomes and hold them accountable for the results. Making decisions with openness and fairness and seeking for inputs from the team members would help them feel professionally included in the organizations' well being and would, therefore, help in creating a team reaching the zenith of success. Conclusion: From the above essay, one can understand that how a proper leadership model with correct principles like multiculturism, ethical context and moral virtues and development of teamwork can develop a team that will take the organization towards excellence. Proper leadership traits, core values and mental preparations will help the leader to provide guidance that will help the team to not only bond among themselves but achieve goals easily. Companys mission will only be achieved only when the leader drives a team that is based on effective team leadership, ethical and moral virtues and free from all barriers of disappointments, complexes and ego clashes due to effective multi-culturist background. References: Colbert, A.E., Barrick, M.R. and Bradley, B.H., 2014. Personality and leadership composition in top management teams: Implications for organizational effectiveness.Personnel Psychology,67(2), pp.351-387 Demirtas, O., 2015. Ethical leadership influence at organizations: Evidence from the field.Journal of Business Ethics,126(2), pp.273-284. Hoch, J.E. and Kozlowski, S.W., 2014. Leading virtual teams: Hierarchical leadership, structural supports, and shared team leadership.Journal of applied psychology,99(3), p.390. Lcke, G., Kostova, T. and Roth, K., 2014. Multiculturalism from a cognitive perspective: Patterns and implications.Journal of International Business Studies,45(2), pp.169-190. Murayama, A., Ryan, C.S., Shimizu, H., Kurebayashi, K. and Miura, A., 2014. Cultural Differences in Perceptions of Intragroup Conflict and Preferred Conflict-Management Behavior A Scenario Experiment.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, p.0022022114551051. Ruediger Kaufmann, H., Vrontis, D., Czinkota, M. and Hadiono, A., 2012. Corporate branding and transformational leadership in turbulent times.Journal of Product Brand Management,21(3), pp.192-204.

The True Cause Of The Civil War Essays - Slavery, Abolitionism

The True Cause Of The Civil War The True Cause of the Civil War Between the economic, political, and social quarrels that evolved throughout the 1850's, the North and the South underwent many changes that led to the start of the Civil War. The most attributing factor to this war was that of a moral dispute between two sections who both wanted different things. Slavery became the issue that spread across the nation and was disputed back and forth between the North and South sections of the country. Abolitionists were focused upon in the North and tried to get their message across to those owning slaves in the South. They expressed moral disapproval but engaged in few out-in- the-open activities. To the extent that there was an organized antislavery movement, it centered on the concept of colonization-the effort to encourage the resettlement of American blacks in Africa or the Caribbean. (Brinkley, American History 342) Among these Abolitionists, was a famous U.S. journalist who published The Liberator and helped lead the successful Abolitionist campaign against slavery in the U.S. In his first issue of The Liberator, he boldly states his opinion on the issue of slavery: I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation....I am in earnest-I will not equivocate-I will not excuse-I will not retreat a single inch-AND I WILL BE HEARD. (www.britannica.com) The Civil War forced Garrison to choose between his pacifist beliefs and emancipation. In December 1865 he published th e last issue of The Liberator and announced that his vocation as an abolitionist is ended. (www.britannica.com) When the issue of slavery peaked, the South decided that the best bet would be to secede. As for the entire issue of slavery, basically the South wanted and needed it and the North did not want it at all. The South was going to do anything they could to keep it. This was the issue that overshadowed all others. (www.ask.com) During the 1850's the South had about 4 million slaves. These slaves were very valuable to the slaveholding planter class. They were a huge investment to Southerners and if taken away, could mean massive losses to everyone. Slaves were used in the South as helpers in the fields in the cultivation of tobacco, rice, and indigo, as well as many other jobs. The South especially needed more slaves at this time because they were now growing more cotton then ever because of the invention of the cotton gin. Cotton production with slaves jumped from 178,000 bales in 1810 to over 3,841,000 bales in 1860. Bibliography www.pinzler.com www.ask.com [emailprotected] History Essays

Free Essays on Gagne Lesson Plan

Gagne’s Model Lesson Plan Gain Attention Counseling is an important responsibility of all leaders. Each of you have been counseled at some time in your careers and/or personal lives and many have already or soon will counsel. Unfortunately leaders reserve counseling for circumstances involving poor performance problems. This has led to a wide spread perception that counseling is negative. In this training you will learn how to counsel your subordinates in a manner that focuses on subordinate centered communication and subordinate development. Exercise One (Brain Teaser) (page 3 of participants guide) serves as an icebreaker to help the participant’s prepare for learning. We will have a getting acquainted exercise, allowing everyone in the class to introduce themselves and describe different locations of assignment and present unit of assignment. It will be made very clear during this portion of the class that there is no rank in the class room, and what happens in the classroom must stay in the classroom. Describe Goal The major goal for this workshop is to ensure that employees learn how to not only conduct counseling sessions, but how to prepare for them as well. This will help people at all levels focus on individual and company goal accomplishment. This workshop will provide participants with the skills necessary to prepare themselves for, and to conduct thorough counseling sessions. Stimulate Recall of Prior Knowledge The initial objective, is to get the class participants acquainted with each other and to realize that there is a great deal of diversity represented in the class. In addition, the instructor will get the class to realize that they all play an important role within their organization and that they have many diverse backgrounds, and actually will better themselves and their organization by conducting thorough counseling. Present Materials to be learned Exercise One ... Free Essays on Gagne Lesson Plan Free Essays on Gagne Lesson Plan Gagne’s Model Lesson Plan Gain Attention Counseling is an important responsibility of all leaders. Each of you have been counseled at some time in your careers and/or personal lives and many have already or soon will counsel. Unfortunately leaders reserve counseling for circumstances involving poor performance problems. This has led to a wide spread perception that counseling is negative. In this training you will learn how to counsel your subordinates in a manner that focuses on subordinate centered communication and subordinate development. Exercise One (Brain Teaser) (page 3 of participants guide) serves as an icebreaker to help the participant’s prepare for learning. We will have a getting acquainted exercise, allowing everyone in the class to introduce themselves and describe different locations of assignment and present unit of assignment. It will be made very clear during this portion of the class that there is no rank in the class room, and what happens in the classroom must stay in the classroom. Describe Goal The major goal for this workshop is to ensure that employees learn how to not only conduct counseling sessions, but how to prepare for them as well. This will help people at all levels focus on individual and company goal accomplishment. This workshop will provide participants with the skills necessary to prepare themselves for, and to conduct thorough counseling sessions. Stimulate Recall of Prior Knowledge The initial objective, is to get the class participants acquainted with each other and to realize that there is a great deal of diversity represented in the class. In addition, the instructor will get the class to realize that they all play an important role within their organization and that they have many diverse backgrounds, and actually will better themselves and their organization by conducting thorough counseling. Present Materials to be learned Exercise One ...

Auditing assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Auditing assignment - Essay Example Given the Current Asset of $178 million and Current Liabilities of $277 million the current ratio of the company is less than one highlighting the weakness in the liquidity position (Forest Enterprises Australia Limited, 2009, p.51-52). Industry players like Great Southern and Timbercorp have already collapsed. The fall of entities in the industry is a factor for the issuance of going concern opinion (Kachor, 2010). The investors of the company have sought legal advice in the matter relating to the repayment of loan by FEA. The company did not make significant financial disclosures to its investors for the fiscal year 2009 and 2010. These being crucial information should have been disclosed to the potential investors; failure to do so is a non-compliance of statutory requirement (Kachor, 2010). In order to lower the debt component the management has planned for an asset sale; and is also in the process of discussion with the financiers regarding financing arrangements and restructuring plans. The company also undertook a successful capital raising program last year (FEA Group of Companies,

The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) - The Assignment

The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) - The International Corporate Reporting Issues - Assignment Example Wood and Sangster (2008) highlights that the IASC was initially founded by an Accountant’s International Study Group particularly in 1973. The IASB is an international but independent accounting setting body. Soon after becoming the international accounting standards setting body, the members of IASB finalized and decided to discuss, develop, in the global public interest, a single set of high quality international accounting standards. (About Us, n.d.). However, as IASB is UK-based and its standards are mostly applied to the UK based corporations, the U.S. corporations follow the accounting standards by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). The globalization and increase in cross border transactions necessited both boards to work closely and issue collective international accounting standards. This process begins the convergence between the IASB and the FASB particularly in 2002 Norfolk agreement, where both regulatory bodies developed a consensus to develop and is sues a set of high quality compatible standards (Carmona and Trombetta, 2010). However, there exist various challenges that make it substantially difficult for the both bodies to ensure the global but uniform application of the international accounting standards. ... Since the IASB possesses no legal backing to implement its own developed international accounting standards, it would be substantially difficult for the IASB to ensure and monitor the global recognition and uniform application of the IFRS. Ironically, soon after the establishment of the IASC in the United Kingdom, the foundation of the FASB took place in the U.S. it would not be incorrect to say that the creation of the FASB was a counter measure to the existence and function of the IASC. Moreover, in the same year 1973, the FASB developed and drafted its own accounting standards and issued within the United States. Consistently, the FASB has been developing the Generally Accepted Accounting Practices (GAAP) as a counter measures for the IASs being produced by the IASB till the year of 2002. Furthermore, the FASB works as a competitor to the IASB. Both have agreed to the IFRS would be implemented in the United States of America by the end of 2015. This is an endeavour to introduce th e global uniform application and practice of the IFRS and this would bring a forward step toward the attainment of the global application and practice of the international accounting frameworks and standards. However, this global and uniform application received a severe blow when the FASB independently and separately outlined, developed and published its own vision on how to carry out the process of reforms in the accounting of financial instruments (Veron, 2010). Also, the IASC Foundation has been widely criticized on its approach towards entertaining its mission. In this regard, the European banking sector highlights its reservations over the certain announcements of the IASC. Consequently, it has heightened hostitlity between the two; the hostility becomes

Reaction paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reaction paper - Essay Example He himself admits that Zyklon B had been used for delousing and as claimed, 95% of the gas had been to address infectation problems leaving only 5% to kill people. The real question redounds to the verity of the extermination of over 4 million Jews in the Holocaust as proliferated in hundreds of books. The revisionist view definitely stimulates critical thinking and appreciation of the facts as presented. If indeed Cole is correct in saying that there had been no extermination and that we had all been victims of Soviet deception and of exaggerated number and facts then the truth continues to be beyond our grasp. I guess much like everyone else, we had been emotionally invested in the gruesome stories of the holocaust which makes for a riveting story. But a good story and the truth are two different things. The search for the truth is perhaps among the most difficult endeavor to take. History can dependent and subjective. Cole’s allegation that Rudolf Franz Ferdinand Hoess had been tortured to admit to the killings through gas chambers and his subsequent execution in Auschwitz after the Nuremberg Trial is but a farce which had fooled everybody. If this were true, then the concept of justice as we know it must be reconsidered.

Donald Trump :: essays research papers

Donald Trump, one of the great New York City business tycoons, has written several biographies that explain in detail his dealings in the business world and his personal life throughout his career. The book that I have read is titled Trump: The Art of the Comeback. In this biography Donald tells about the time in the eighties and early nineties that he was struggling financially because of the economy and the hardships that he went through to make a comeback. Each chapter tells a story about his return to the top and how he did it. This book is his account of how he engineered one of the most remarkable business comebacks in history. He has accumulated a net worth of well over three billion dollars.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the things that has helped Donald Trump throughout these times was his ability to make wise decisions based on his experience. I realized when reading this book that he was very talented in the area of decision making. He knew exactly when to buy or sell his assets to maximize his profits. Trump starts of by listing his top ten comeback tips. Some seem ridiculous, but apparently they work. He suggests things such as playing golf, being paranoid, going with your gut instinct, and always having a prenuptial agreement. The first chapter explains briefly his rise to the top and the rest of the book tells how he survived the low period and eventually regained his status. One of the main reasons for Donald’s downfall was the plummeting value of his vast real estate assets. He claims that his investments in Atlantic City are what eventually saved him from really going under between 1989 and 1992. Trump then bought Mar-a-lago, a gigantic mansion in Palm Beach and restored it. He vacations there and has had dozens of celebrities vacation there also. Donald Trump then acquired 40 Wall Street in 1995. The deal that he was able to make on this property was unbelievable. He paid the Kinson family one million dollars for a building that they had already previously paid for and had also sunk tens of millions into. He truly stole this property from them. The difficulty that the Kinson family was having was dealing with the German family that owned the ground lease. As soon as the Kinson family signed the papers he was on the phone working out a new 200-year ground lease with the Hinnebergs.

Mapp V. Ohio

CRJU 310 Judge Oberholzer April 12, 2009 Mapp v. Ohio * Mapp v. Ohio * 367 U. S. 643 * (1961) * Character of Action Mrs. Mapp was found guilty and sentenced to prison 1-7 years. Mrs. Mapp and her attorney took the case to the Supreme Court in Ohio. * Facts: Three police officers went to Dollree Mapp’s house asking permission to enter into her house, because they believed that she was hiding a fugitive in her home. When she did not allow the police officers into her home, the police officers left and came back three hours later with a search warrant. When Ms. Mapp asked the police officer if she could see the warrant, he held up a piece of paper that was believed to be a fake warrant. The police officer handcuffed Ms. Mapp for â€Å"resisting arrest†. As the police officers looked around her house, they did not find any fugitive but they did find pornographic material in a suitcase that was by Mrs. Mapp’s bed. Mrs. Mapp told the police officers that the pornographic material was not hers but that it belonged to another individual that she had loaned the suitcase too. Mrs. Mapp was arrested, found guilty and sentenced for having pornographic material. * Issues: A. Was the issuance of the warrant by the police officer invalid in violation of the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments? YES. B. In the absence of a warrant, may a search and seizure take place in a person’s home without their consent? NO. C. Is evidence obtained, without a warrant, from voluntary submission of a third party inadmissible in a court of law in violation of the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments? NO. * Decision: The Court held that the exclusionary rule, which prevents unconstitutionally btained evidence from being introduced at trial, applies to states as well as to the federal government. * Majority Opinion: (by Justice Clark) Issue (A) — Yes. Reasons: i. The Fourteenth Amendment requires that a â€Å"neutral and detached magistrate† must issue a warrant. ii. Justice Clark declared, â€Å"The exclusionary rule should also apply to states, saying that states are not permitted to use evidence gained by illegal means to convict a person. With a 6-3 vote of approval, Mapp's case was overturned and the law was forever changed†. Issue (B) — No. Reasons: i. Justice Clark declared, â€Å"We hold that all evidence obtained by searches and seizures in violation of the Constitution [is] inadmissible in a state court†¦ Were it otherwise†¦ the assurance against unreasonable†¦ searches and seizures would be [meaningless]†. Mrs. Mapp at the time of her arrest was not issue a warrant just a piece of paper. The police officers still searched her house without her consent. 09. Concerning Opinion: by (Justice Black) Justice Black shares the doubt that â€Å"The Fourth Amendment alone can be used to prevent illegally obtained evidence from being used in state courts because it is not explicitly stated. Justice Black also believes the command that no unreasonable searches or seizures be allowed is too little to infer such a large decision. With these differences aside Justice Black feels that along with previous court decisions that the â€Å"Fourth Amendment's ban against unreasonable searches and seizures is considered together with the Fifth Amendment's ban against compelled self-incrimination, a constitutional basis emerges which not only justifies, but actually requires the exclusionary rule. Concurring/Dissenting Opinion: (by Justice Clark, whom the Chief Justice joins) These two justices, Clark and Brennan came to an agreement with Mrs. Mapp that her rights as a citizen of the United States were violated. Both Justices used the Fourth Amendment and that is evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, which protects against â€Å"unreasonable searches and seizures†, may not be used in criminal prosecutions in state courts, as well as federal courts. Concurri ng/Dissenting Opinion: (by Chief Black) Justice Black found that the case was a combination of the Fourth and Fifth Amendment and not with the Fourteenth Amendment. Justice Black turned out to be the swing vote. Even though, he joined the Court’s opinion he did it for his own reasons. For the reason, Justice Black wrote a separate opinion that was not joined by any other justice. Concurring/Dissenting Opinion: (by Justice Stewart) Justice Stewart wrote the majority opinion in Elkins. Yet, he refused to join the Court’s opinion. He did vote with the majority to reverse Mrs. Mapp’s conviction. 10. Comment: Mapp v. Ohio is an important case that made history. For the reason it has to do the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendment. All evidence obtained by searches and seizures in violation of the Federal Constitution is inadmissible in a criminal trial in a state court. Wolf v. Colorado, 338 U. S. 25, overruled insofar as it holds to the contrary. Pp. 367 U. S. 643-660. (A) A warrant must be issued by a â€Å"neutral and detached magistrate† who is not involved in either the investigation or prosecution of the suspect upon whom such a warrant is issued (Harvard Law Review, Vol. 5(3), 1971, pp. 239-250). (B) At the trial, no search warrant was produced by the prosecution, nor was the failure to produce one explained or accounted for. At best, â€Å"There is, in the record, considerable doubt as to whether there ever was any warrant for the search of defendant's home. † 170 Ohio St. at 430, 166 N. E. 2d at 389. The Ohio Supreme Court believed a â€Å"reasonable argument† coul d be made that the conviction should be reversed â€Å"because the methods' employed to obtain the [evidence] . . . here such as to `offend â€Å"a sense of justice,†Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬  but the court found determinative the fact that the evidence had not been taken â€Å"from defendant's person by the use of brutal or offensive physical force against defendant. † 170 Ohio St. at 431, 166 N. E. 2d at 389-390. Mrs. Mapp took a stand against the police officers because she felt she was doing nothing wrong. The police officers assumed that Mrs. Mapp was involved in hiding a fugitive as well as in hiding some illegal betting equipment. When the police officers got to Mrs. Mapp’s house they asked to go in she said â€Å"no†. Three hours later the police officers came back with a piece of paper (not a search warrant) when Mrs. Mapp asked to see the warrant she had to struggle to get it. The judges overturned the conviction because the police officers had violated the fourth Amendment. 11. Principle of the Case: A warrant issued by any public official, other than â€Å"neutral and detached magistrate† is invalid in violation of the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments. A person’s home cannot be searched without their consent or without a search warrant.

Biography of Voltaire, French Enlightenment Writer

Born Franà §ois-Marie Arouet, Voltaire (November 21, 1694 – May 30, 1778) was a writer and philosopher of the French Enlightenment period. He was an incredibly prolific writer, advocating for civil freedoms and criticizing major institutions such as the Catholic Church. Fast Facts: Voltaire Full Name: Franà §ois-Marie ArouetOccupation: Writer, poet, and philosopherBorn: November 21, 1694 in Paris, FranceDied: May 30, 1778 in Paris, FranceParents: Franà §ois Arouet and Marie Marguerite DaumardKey Accomplishments: Voltaire published significant criticism of the French monarchy. His commentary on religious tolerance, historiographies, and civil liberties became a key component of Enlightenment thinking. Early Life Voltaire was the fifth child and fourth son of Franà §ois Arouet and his wife Marie Marguerite Daumard. The Arouet family had already lost two sons, Armand-Franà §ois and Robert, in infancy, and Voltaire (then Franà §ois-Marie) was nine years younger than his surviving brother, Armand, and seven years younger than his sole sister, Marguerite-Catherine. Franà §ois Arouet was a lawyer and a treasury official; their family was part of the French nobility, but at the lowest possible rank. Later in life, Voltaire claimed to be the illegitimate son of a higher-ranked nobleman by the name of Guà ©rin de Rochebrune. His early education came from the Jesuits at the Collà ¨ge Louis-le-Grand. From the age of ten until seventeen, Voltaire received classical instruction in Latin, rhetoric, and theology. Once he left school, he decided he wanted to become a writer, much to the dismay of his father, who wanted Voltaire to follow him into the law. Voltaire also continued learning outside the confines of formal education. He developed his writing talents and also became multilingual, attaining fluency in English, Italian, and Spanish in addition to his native French. First Career and Early Romance After leaving school, Voltaire moved to Paris. He pretended to be working as an assistant to a notary, theoretically as a stepping stone into the legal profession. In reality, though, he was actually spending most of his time writing poetry. After a time, his father found out the truth and sent him away from Paris to study law in Caen, Normandy. Di Nicolas de Largillià ¨re - Scan by User:Manfred Heyde, Pubblico dominio, Collegamento Even this did not deter Voltaire from continuing to write. He merely switched over from poetry to writing studies on history and essays. During this period, the witty style of writing and speaking that made Voltaire so popular first appeared in his work, and it endeared him to many of the higher-ranking nobles he spent time around. In 1713, with his father’s assistance, Voltaire began working at the Hague in the Netherlands as a secretary to the French ambassador, the marquis de Chà ¢teauneuf. While there, Voltaire had his earliest known romantic entanglement, falling in love with a Huguenot refugee, Catherine Olympe Dunoyer. Unfortunately, their connection was considered unsuitable and caused something of a scandal, so the marquis forced Voltaire to break it off and return to France. By this point, his political and legal career had all but been given up. Playwright and Government Critic Upon returning to Paris, Voltaire launched his writing career. Since his favorite topics were critiques of the government and satires of political figures, he landed in hot water pretty quickly. One early satire, which accused the Duke of Orleans of incest, even landed him in prison in the Bastille for nearly a year. Upon his release, however, his debut play (a take on the Oedipus myth) was produced, and it was a critical and commercial success. The Duke whom he had previously offended even presented him with a medal in recognition of the achievement. It was around this time that Franà §ois-Marie Arouet began going by the pseudonym Voltaire, under which he would publish most of his works. To this day, there’s much debate as to how he came up with the name. It may have its roots as an anagram or pun on his family name or several different nicknames. Voltaire reportedly adopted the name in 1718, after being released from the Bastille. After his release, he also struck up a new romance with a young widow, Marie-Marguerite de Rupelmonde. Unfortunately, Voltaire’s next works did not have nearly the same success as his first. His play Artà ©mire flopped so badly that even the text itself only survives in a few fragments, and when he tried to publish an epic poem about King Henry IV (the first Bourbon dynasty monarch), he couldn’t find a publisher in France. Instead, he and Rupelmonde journeyed to the Netherlands, where he secured a publisher in The Hague. Eventually, Voltaire convinced a French publisher to publish the poem, La Henriade, secretly. The poem was a success, as was his next play, which was performed at the wedding of Louis XV. Chateau de Cirey where Voltaire lived.  ©MDT52 In 1726, Voltaire became involved in a quarrel with a young nobleman who reportedly insulted Voltaire’s change of name. Voltaire challenged him to a duel, but the nobleman instead had Voltaire beaten, then arrested without a trial. He was, however, able to negotiate with authorities to be exiled to England rather than imprisoned at the Bastille again. English Exile As it turns out, Voltaire’s exile to England would change his entire outlook. He moved in the same circles as some of the leading figures of English society, thought, and culture, including Jonathan Swift, Alexander Pope, and more. In particular, he became fascinated by the government of England in comparison with France: England was a constitutional monarchy, whereas France still lived under an absolute monarchy. The country also had greater freedoms of speech and religion, which would become a key component of Voltaire’s criticisms and writings. Voltaire was able to return to France after a little more than two years, though still banned from the court at Versailles. Thanks to participation in a plan to literally purchase the French lottery, along with an inheritance from his father, he quickly became incredibly rich. In the early 1730s, he began publishing work that showed his clear English influences. His play Zaà ¯re was dedicated to his English friend Everard Fawkener and included praise of English culture and freedoms. He also published a collection of essays that praised British politics, attitudes towards religion and science, and arts and literature, called the  Letters Concerning the English Nation, in 1733 in London. The next year, it was published in French, landing Voltaire in hot water again. Because he did not get the approval of the official royal censor before publishing, and because the essays praised British religious freedom and human rights, the book was banned and Voltaire had to quickly flee from Par is. In 1733, Voltaire also met the most significant romantic partner of his life: Émilie, the Marquise du Chà ¢telet, a mathematician who was married to the Marquis du Chà ¢telet. Despite being 12 years younger than Voltaire (and married, and a mother), Émilie was very much an intellectual peer to Voltaire. They amassed a shared collection of over 20,000 books and spent time studying and performing experiments together, many of which were inspired by Voltaire’s admiration of Sir Isaac Newton. After the Letters scandal, Voltaire fled to the estate belonging to her husband. Voltaire paid to renovate the building, and her husband did not raise any fuss about the affair, which would continue for 16 years. Somewhat abashed by his multiple conflicts with the government, Voltaire began keeping a lower profile, although he continued his writing, now focused on history and science. The Marquise du Chà ¢telet contributed considerably alongside him, producing a definitive French translation of Newton’s Principia and writing reviews of Voltaire’s Newton-based work. Together, they were instrumental in introducing Newton’s work in France. They also developed some critical views on religion, with Voltaire publishing several texts that sharply criticized the establishment of state religions, religious intolerance, and even organized religion as a whole. Similarly, he railed against the style of histories and biographies of the past, suggesting they were filled with falsehoods and supernatural explanations and needed a fresh, more scientific and evidence-based approach to research. Connections in Prussia Frederick the Great, while he was still just the crown prince of Prussia, began a correspondence with Voltaire around 1736, but they did not meet in person until 1740. Despite their friendship, Voltaire still went to Frederick’s court in 1743 as a French spy to report back on Frederick’s intentions and capabilities with regards to the ongoing War of Austrian Succession. By the mid-1740s, Voltaire’s romance with the Marquise du Chà ¢telet had begun to wind down. He grew tired of spending nearly all his time at her estate, and both found new companionship. In Voltaire’s case, it was even more scandalous than their affair had been: he was attracted to, and later lived with, his own niece, Marie Louise Mignot. In 1749, the Marquise died in childbirth, and Voltaire moved to Prussia the following year. Circa 1751, Voltaire travelled to Prussia in 1750, on the invitation of Friedrich II and was a permanent resident of court for two years. Hulton Archive / Getty Images During the 1750s, Voltaire’s relationships in Prussia began to deteriorate. He was accused of theft and forgery relating to some bond investments, then had a feud with the president of the Berlin Academy of Sciences that ended with Voltaire writing a satire that angered Frederick the Great and resulted in the temporary destruction of their friendship. They would, however, reconcile in the 1760s. Geneva, Paris, and Final Years Forbidden by King Louis XV to return to Paris, Voltaire instead arrived in Geneva in 1755. He continued publishing, with major philosophical writings such as Candide, or Optimism, a satire of Leibnizs philosophy of optimistic determinism which would become Voltaire’s most famous work. Candide by VOLTAIRE, Francois-Marie Arouet - French philosopher, playwright and novelist. Title-page of Candide or Optimism. Culture Club / Getty Images Starting in 1762, Voltaire took up the causes of unjustly persecuted people, particularly those who were victims of religious persecution. Among his most notable causes was the case of Jean Calas, a Huguenot who was convicted of murdering his son for wanting to convert to Catholicism and tortured to death; his property was confiscated and his daughters forced into Catholic convents. Voltaire, along with others, strongly doubted his guilt and suspected a case of religious persecution. The conviction was overturned in 1765. Voltaire’s last year was still full of activity. In early 1778, he was initiated into Freemasonry, and historians dispute as to whether he did so at the urging of Benjamin Franklin or not. He also returned to Paris for the first time in a quarter century to see his latest play, Irene, open. He fell ill on the journey and believed himself to be on death’s doorstep, but recovered. Two months later, however, he became ill again and died on May 30, 1778. Accounts of his deathbed vary wildly, depending on the sources and their own opinions of Voltaire. His famous deathbed quote—in which a priest asked him to renounce Satan and he replied â€Å"Now is not the time for making new enemies!†Ã¢â‚¬â€is likely apocryphal and actually traced to a 19th-century joke that was attributed to Voltaire in the 20th century. Voltaire was formally denied a Christian burial because of his criticism of the Church, but his friends and family managed to secretly arrange a burial at the abbey of Scellià ¨res in Champagne. He left behind a complicated legacy. For instance, while he argued for religious tolerance, he also was one of the origins of Enlightenment-era anti-Semitism. He endorsed anti-slavery and anti-monarchical views, but disdained the idea of democracy as well. In the end, Voltaire’s texts became a key component of Enlightenment thinking, which has allowed his philosophy and writing to endure for centuries. Sources Pearson, Roger. Voltaire Almighty: A Life in Pursuit of Freedom. Bloomsbury, 2005.Pomeau, Renà © Henry. â€Å"Voltaire: French Philosopher and Author.† Encyclopaedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Voltaire.â€Å"Voltaire.† Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Stanford University, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/voltaire/